In the rapidly expanding world of functional mushroom supplements, a contentious debate brews over the use of mycelium versus fruiting bodies. While many brands tout the superiority of fruiting bodies, emerging research and expert opinions highlight the unique benefits of mycelium, suggesting that a holistic approach may offer the most comprehensive health advantages.

Understanding the Fungal Anatomy

Fungi, the kingdom to which mushrooms belong, have a complex life cycle comprising two primary structures: the mycelium and the fruiting body.

• Mycelium: This is the vegetative part of the fungus, consisting of a network of fine filaments called hyphae. Mycelium plays a crucial role in nutrient absorption and environmental interaction. It can remain metabolically active for up to 95% of the fungus's life cycle, acting as the organism's immune system and supporting the health of surrounding ecosystems.

• Fruiting Body: Commonly recognized as the mushroom, the fruiting body is the reproductive structure that emerges from the mycelium to release spores. It is often harvested for its concentrated bioactive compounds, including beta-glucans and triterpenes.

The Nutritional Debate: Mycelium vs. Fruiting Bodies

Many supplement companies advocate for the exclusive use of fruiting bodies, citing their higher concentrations of certain bioactive compounds. For instance, fruiting bodies can contain up to 10 times more beta-glucans than mycelium grown on grain. However, this perspective may overlook the unique and complementary compounds found in mycelium.

Research indicates that mycelium contains distinct bioactive compounds not present in fruiting bodies. For example, in the case of Lion's Mane (Hericium erinaceus), mycelium is rich in erinacines, compounds known to stimulate nerve growth factor (NGF) synthesis, which are absent in the fruiting body.

Furthermore, a study on Fomitopsis officinalis revealed that mycelium extracts had higher antioxidant activity and contained greater amounts of certain indole compounds compared to fruiting bodies.

Industry Practices and Legal Considerations

The preference for fruiting bodies has led some companies to criticize the use of mycelium, especially when grown on grain substrates. Critics argue that such practices result in products with lower concentrations of active compounds and higher starch content.

However, it's essential to recognize that not all mycelium-based products are created equal. The quality and efficacy of these products depend on cultivation methods, substrates used, and extraction processes. Moreover, combining both mycelium and fruiting bodies can offer a broader spectrum of beneficial compounds, potentially leading to more effective supplements.

Expert Opinions

Mycologists and industry experts emphasize the importance of considering both mycelium and fruiting bodies in supplement formulations. Paul Stamets, a renowned mycologist, advocates for the use of mycelium, highlighting its unique compounds and ecological significance. He notes that mycelium serves as the immune response of the fungal organism, supporting not only the fungus but also the health of the surrounding ecosystem.

Similarly, companies like HighVibe Mushrooms, Om Mushrooms & Host Defense utilize both mycelium and fruiting bodies in their products, aiming to capture the full range of bioactive compounds each offers.

Conclusion

The dichotomy between mycelium and fruiting bodies in mushroom supplements may be a false one. Both structures offer unique and complementary health benefits. By embracing the full spectrum of fungal components, consumers can access a more comprehensive array of bioactive compounds, potentially leading to more effective and holistic health outcomes.

As the functional mushroom industry continues to evolve, it's crucial for consumers to stay informed and critically evaluate product formulations, recognizing that the synergy between mycelium and fruiting bodies may hold the key to unlocking the full potential of these remarkable organisms.

Health Benefits of Growing Mushrooms on Oat Substrate

Growing mushrooms on oat substrate—especially whole oats or oat grain—can offer both cultivation benefits and potential nutritional enhancements for the resulting mushroom products. Below is a breakdown of the key health and cultivation advantages of using oats as a mushroom substrate:

🌾 1. Rich Nutrient Base for Mycelium

Oats are high in:

• Complex carbohydrates (like beta-glucans)

• B vitamins

• Minerals (iron, magnesium, manganese, zinc)

• Lipids (natural fats)

➡️ These nutrients help promote vigorous mycelial growth, leading to:

• Faster colonization

• Denser mycelial biomass

• Higher enzyme production

🍄 2. Increased Production of Bioactive Compounds

Studies suggest that substrate composition can influence the secondary metabolites produced by mushrooms.

• Growing mushrooms on oat-based substrates may lead to increased polysaccharide content, especially beta-glucans, which support:

• Immune modulation

• Gut health

• Antioxidant activity

➡️ Particularly relevant for species like Lion’s Mane, Reishi, and Cordyceps grown for functional health products.

💡 3. Cleaner Mycelium for Supplement Use

Oats tend to:

• Produce less dust than rice or sawdust

• Support consistent mycelial texture

This can lead to:

• Cleaner harvests for full-spectrum mycelium powders

• Reduced risk of off-flavors or toxins

• More uniform nutritional profiles in mycelium-based supplements

🧠 4. Cognitive & Metabolic Support from Oat Derivatives

Oats contain:

• Avenanthramides, unique polyphenols with anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties

• Beta-glucans, which are also found in mushrooms, reinforcing immune and heart health

➡️ If any residual oat material remains in mycelium-based products, it may enhance:

• Synergistic effects between mushroom compounds and oat nutrients

• Prebiotic effects supporting gut health

Benefits of Growing Mushrooms on OATS (opposed to Rice or Wood) 

Comparison of Mushroom Substrates: Oats vs Rice vs Wood